Solar Water Heater Issues: Problems and Maintenance Tips

If your water heater is powered by the sun, you already know that it's a good way to save money on your energy bills and the environment. But if you don't keep an eye on it, it can break down like any other unit. If you take the proper steps, you can prevent many of the problems I've seen with solar water heaters as a plumber over the years. 

To keep your system running smoothly, here is a simple list of the most common problems you may encounter, along with some maintenance tips.

Common Solar Water Heater Issues

Pump and Circulation Problems

Your solar water heater relies on a pump to transfer water between the panels and the storage tank. If the pump fails or airlocks form, water won’t circulate properly, and your hot water won’t reach the desired temperature. This is a frequent cause of underperforming systems. Airlock occurs when it becomes trapped in the pipe, preventing water flow. Sometimes, the pump motor wears out or the electrical connection fails, causing it to stop altogether. Without proper circulation, the water in your tank won’t heat efficiently, resulting in lukewarm water.

Leaks in Pipes and Tanks

Leaks can happen anywhere—from pipes to fittings or even the storage tank. They waste energy and water, and if left unchecked, they might cause damage to your property. Leaks often come from poor installation or wear and tear over time. For example, corrosion can weaken pipes and joints, causing drips or even bursts. Small leaks may be challenging to spot, but they can cause your system to lose pressure and reduce heating effectiveness. If you notice damp spots, water pooling, or a sudden drop in water pressure, it’s time to get it checked.

Faulty Sensors and Controls

Your system uses sensors to monitor temperature and controls to regulate heating. When these go wrong, your water might overheat or stay cold. Sometimes, it’s just a glitch in the controller settings. A temperature sensor, for example, could send incorrect readings, which would cause the system to turn off too soon or continue heating when it doesn't need to. Faulty controls can also lead to erratic pump operation or cause the system to run at the wrong times, wasting energy and reducing lifespan.

Incorrect System Settings

If your system isn’t set up correctly, it won’t work efficiently. For example, if the thermostat is too low, your water won’t get hot enough. If it’s too high, you risk wasting energy or damaging the system. Sometimes, after servicing or power interruptions, settings can reset or change without you knowing. It’s essential to have your system’s digital controller configured correctly to match your household’s hot water needs.

Wastage of Hot Water

Using more hot water than your system can handle or leaving taps running unnecessarily reduces efficiency. It’s essential to monitor the amount of hot water you use. For example, if you have multiple showers running simultaneously or leave taps dripping, your solar water heater may struggle to keep up, especially on cloudy days. Wastage also puts extra strain on the pump and heating elements, increasing wear and energy costs.

How to Keep Your Solar Water Heater in Great Shape

1. Clean Your Solar Collectors Regularly

Dirt, dust, leaves, and bird droppings block sunlight from reaching your panels, reducing their efficiency. I recommend cleaning your solar collectors every 3 to 6 months with a soft brush and mild detergent. Do not use rough chemicals or things that can scratch the glass. 

Pro-Tip: To keep the glass from breaking when the temperature changes quickly, clean the panels early in the morning or late in the afternoon, when they are cool. Also, check for any shading from growing trees or new structures, as even partial shade can drastically reduce performance.

2. Check for Leaks and Corrosion

Look over your pipes, fittings, and storage tank for any signs of leaks or rust. Catching these early can save you hefty repair bills down the track. Scrutinise joints and valves, and listen for dripping sounds. Corrosion often appears as green or white powdery deposits on copper pipes or rust on steel parts. If you spot any damage, call a professional plumber to fix it before it worsens.

3. Test Valves and Sensors

Ensure your temperature and pressure relief valves are functioning correctly. These safety valves prevent dangerous pressure build-up in your system. Faulty valves can cause pressure spikes that damage your tank or pipes. Also, check the sensors and controllers for any warning lights or error codes. If your system has a digital display, or if you have a technician perform diagnostics during annual servicing.

4. Flush the Storage Tank Annually

Sediment builds up over time, reducing heating efficiency and potentially clogging pipes. Flushing the tank once a year clears out mineral deposits and keeps your system running smoothly. 

Pro-Tip: Always have a professional perform this task to avoid potential damage or injury. The process involves draining the tank completely, flushing it with clean water, and then refilling it with clean water. This maintenance step can significantly extend your system’s lifespan and improve the quality of hot water.

5. Seasonal Checks

In summer, focus on cleaning and inspecting for any damage caused by storms or heat. In winter, check insulation on pipes to prevent freezing and verify antifreeze levels if your system uses it. Proper insulation also helps maintain water temperature and reduces energy loss. Regular seasonal maintenance keeps your system running smoothly all year long.

How to Know If Your Solar Water Heater Is Working Properly

You can do a quick check by feeling the solar panels on a sunny day—they should be warm to the touch. Listen for the pump running and watch the pressure gauge; if it moves, your pump is working. Also, check your hot water taps to see if the water heats up as expected. If the water isn’t hot enough or the pump is silent, it’s time to call in a professional. Remember, some issues aren’t visible or easy to diagnose without the right tools.

FAQs About Solar Water Heater Issues

Why is my solar hot water not hot enough?

It could be due to pump failure, leaks, faulty sensors, or incorrect system settings. Sometimes, insufficient sunlight or excessive heat also plays a role.

How do I know if my solar hot water pump is working?

Look for movement on the pressure gauge or listen for the pump’s hum. If you’re unsure, a professional can test the pump for you.

What is the lifespan of a solar water heater?

An outdoor solar water heater can last twenty years or more if it is properly maintained. Maintaining a long lifespan requires regular maintenance.

How do you reset a solar water heater?

Resetting usually involves turning the system off, waiting a few minutes, then turning it back on. Since models vary, it’s best to have a professional handle this.

How often should solar water heaters be checked?

You should inspect your system every 3 to 6 months and get a professional service at least once a year.

How to flush a solar water heater?

Flushing means draining the tank to remove the sediment. This should be done annually by a qualified plumber to avoid damage.

What if I Want to Avail Services for My Solar Water Heater Issues?

Don't worry if you're experiencing problems with your solar water heater. We're here to help. All Needs Plumbing doesn't charge a fee to come to your home, so you won't have to pay anything to have us there. We offer same-day service 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, because we know that hot water problems can't wait. 

Additionally, seniors can save 15%, and hot water systems are $150 off, allowing you to fix or improve your system without incurring significant expenses. When you call us today, we'll take care of your solar water heater problems with skill and a smile.

Your solar water heater doesn't need to be challenging to maintain. If you regularly inspect your hot water system and seek professional help when needed, your energy bills will remain low, and your system will function effectively. Remember that if you're not sure what to do, call All Needs Plumbing.

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