Types of Check Valves and Their Applications

If you’re running a commercial property or managing a busy establishment, understanding the different types of check valves is key to keeping your plumbing system safe and efficient. Check valves play a crucial role in backflow prevention, making sure water flows only one way and preventing contamination of your clean water supply. At All Needs Plumbing, we’ve seen how the right valve can save you from costly repairs and health risks.

What Is a Check Valve?

A check valve is a simple device that lets water or other fluids flow in one direction only. When the flow tries to reverse, the valve closes automatically, stopping backflow. This is vital in commercial settings where contaminated water flowing backward could cause serious problems. Whether it’s your café’s water supply or your building’s irrigation system, a properly working check valve is your first line of defence.

Common Types of Check Valves and Where They Work Best

Swing Check Valve

This valve has a hinged disc that swings open with the flow and closes when the flow reverses. It works best in horizontal pipes and is common in large water lines, irrigation, and wastewater systems. 

Swing check valves are reliable and cause minimal pressure drop, which means your system won’t waste energy pushing water through. They’re simple in design, making them cost-effective and easy to maintain. However, they require enough space for the disc to swing freely, so they might not fit in tight spots.

Lift Check Valve

Lift check valves use a disc that lifts vertically to allow flow and drops back to seal when flow stops. They’re often used in vertical pipes and high-pressure systems like oil pipelines or power plants. These valves provide a tight seal and handle high-pressure differentials well. But keep in mind, they need precise installation to work correctly because if the valve isn’t perfectly aligned, it might not close properly, leading to leaks or backflow.

Ball Check Valve

A ball inside the valve moves to block reverse flow. These are compact and great for smaller pipes or systems with pulsating flow, such as chemical processing or water treatment. Their simple design makes them reliable even in systems with frequent starts and stops. They’re also easy to inspect and replace if needed. On the downside, they may not be suitable for very high-pressure systems.

Spring-Loaded Check Valve

These valves use a spring to close quickly when flow stops. They’re versatile and can be installed in any orientation, making them popular in many commercial and residential applications. The spring ensures the valve closes firmly, helping to prevent water hammer, which can cause damage to pipes. Spring-loaded check valves are especially useful in systems where flow direction changes frequently or where quick closure is essential.

Butterfly (Dual Plate) Check Valve

With two semi-circular discs that snap shut, butterfly check valves are compact and ideal where space is limited. You’ll often find them in HVAC systems and water treatment plants. Their lightweight design reduces the load on the piping system. They close quickly to prevent backflow but may not be suitable for very high-pressure applications. Their compact size makes them a good choice when space is tight.

Double Check Valve

This type has two check valves in series, offering extra protection against backflow. It’s commonly used in potable water systems and places where contamination risk is high. The double setup means if one valve fails, the other still prevents backflow, giving you peace of mind. These valves are often required by regulations in commercial properties to meet safety standards.

Sanitary Check Valve

Designed for industries like food, beverage, and pharmaceuticals, these valves have smooth surfaces and minimal crevices to prevent contamination. They’re made from materials that resist corrosion and are easy to clean, ensuring hygiene standards are met. If your business involves handling consumables or sensitive products, sanitary check valves are a must-have.

Pro-Tip: Always install a check valve with enough straight pipe before and after it—at least 10 pipe diameters—to reduce turbulence and noise. This simple step can save you from premature valve wear and noisy pipes. Turbulence can cause the valve to chatter or wear unevenly, leading to leaks or failure. Making sure your plumber follows this guideline helps your system last longer and operate quietly.

Choosing the Right Check Valve for Your Property

Choosing the right type depends on factors like pipe size, pressure, fluid type, and installation space. For example, a swing check valve suits large pipes with steady flow, while a spring-loaded valve works well in systems with varying flow directions. We always recommend getting a professional assessment to avoid costly mistakes. Our team at All Needs Plumbing can evaluate your system and recommend the best valve type to ensure safety and efficiency.

Pro-Tip: Match your check valve to your system’s pressure and flow requirements. Using the wrong type can cause leaks, water hammer, or even system failure. For example, don’t use a swing check valve in a vertical pipe or a valve designed for low pressure in a high-pressure system. When in doubt, get a professional opinion. We’ve seen many cases where the wrong valve choice led to expensive repairs down the line.

Maintenance and Troubleshooting

Regular inspection helps spot leaks, wear, or valves that don’t close properly. From my own experience, I once fixed a client’s system where a check valve was installed backward by a handyman. It caused low water pressure and a minor flood in the garage. We sorted it out quickly, but it’s a good reminder: proper installation and maintenance are crucial. To keep your valves working well, schedule routine checks, especially if you notice unusual noises, pressure drops, or water leaks. Cleaning debris and replacing worn parts early can save you from bigger problems later.

FAQs About the Types of Check Valves

What is the difference between a check valve and a control valve?

A check valve only allows flow in one direction and closes automatically to prevent backflow. A control valve regulates flow rate or pressure and requires manual or automatic adjustment. So, check valves protect your system passively, while control valves actively manage flow.

Is a backflow valve a check valve?

Yes, a backflow valve is a type of check valve specifically designed to stop contaminated water from flowing back into your clean water supply. It’s an essential part of backflow prevention systems.

Does a double check valve need a drain?

No, double check valves usually don’t require a drain because they have two valves in series but no relief feature that discharges water. However, other backflow prevention devices like reduced pressure zone valves do need drains.

Does a double check valve reduce pressure?

They cause minimal pressure loss but don’t significantly reduce water pressure in your system. This means your water flow remains strong while still being protected.

Why use a dual check valve?

Dual check valves offer extra protection by having two valves in series, reducing the chance of backflow if one valve fails. They’re great for low to moderate risk applications and are often required by plumbing codes in commercial settings.

What if I Want to Know More About the Types of Check Valves?

If you want to learn more about the types of check valves and which one suits your commercial or residential property, we’re here to help. At All Needs Plumbing, we offer a $0 callout fee and 24/7 same-day service to get your plumbing working right when you need it. 

Plus, seniors enjoy a 15% discount on all services, and we’re currently offering $150 off hot water system installations. Contact us today and let’s make sure your water system stays safe and efficient without the hassle.

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